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Data - Accra Medicine Shops AMR - 2021.xlsx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet 286.9 KB 03/26/2024 04:11:AM
Qualtrics Survey Accra 2021.pdf application/pdf 496.6 KB 06/29/2023 01:52:AM

Project Citation: 

Frimpong, Jemima A, Greene, Hannah Camille, and Makovi, Kinga. Challenges in the distribution of antimicrobial medications in community dispensaries in Accra, Ghana. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2024-03-26. https://doi.org/10.3886/E192062V2

Project Description

Summary:  View help for Summary This data was originally collected as part of a senior undergraduate thesis conducted in Accra, Ghana, in Fall 2021. Fieldwork was conducted in 80 medicine shops throughout Accra, using an in-depth survey questionnaire administered verbally. After obtaining informed consent and distributing study details, survey questions were read aloud to participants and results were transcribed by researchers. The questions focused on the distribution of antimicrobial medications, in an effort to elucidate patterns in community-level distribution and predict the risk of emerging antimicrobial resistance.
Community distribution of medications in low- and middle-income countries has been shown to accelerate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The distribution of medications is often carried out by private vendors operating under constrained conditions. Yet patterns in medicine distribution, and their consequences, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to illuminate the challenges reported by employees of chemical shops and pharmacies throughout Accra. This study sought to 1) assess obstacles and challenges faced by medicine vendors during their sales of antibiotic and antimalarial medications, and 2) identify opportunities for improving community-level stewardship of antimicrobials. 

Funding Sources:  View help for Funding Sources Effective Altruism Infrastructure Fund (a3r6g000001Tac2AAC)

Scope of Project

Subject Terms:  View help for Subject Terms public health; antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; community pharmacy; Ghana
Geographic Coverage:  View help for Geographic Coverage Accra, Ghana
Time Period(s):  View help for Time Period(s) 11/16/2021 – 12/31/2021 (Fall 2021)
Collection Date(s):  View help for Collection Date(s) 11/16/2021 – 12/25/2021 (Fall 2021)
Universe:  View help for Universe Shopkeepers in pharmacies and chemical shops in Accra, Ghana, who distribute antibiotics and/or antimalarial medications
Data Type(s):  View help for Data Type(s) survey data
Collection Notes:  View help for Collection Notes Survey questionnaires were administered in person in medicine-distributing shops, with questions read aloud and then responses transcribed by researchers

Methodology

Response Rate:  View help for Response Rate 93%
Sampling:  View help for Sampling We first stratified neighborhoods known by local reputation for having residents of low/medium/high socioeconomic status, and then selected multiple neighborhoods within each tier. All regions of the city of Accra were considered eligible, but convenience sampling yielded neighborhoods more centrally located. We sought to include a variety of neighborhoods spanning the economic diversity of the city, and ultimately 17 different neighborhoods within Accra were included.

Data Source:  View help for Data Source In-person survey questionnaires with one employee from each participating shop
Collection Mode(s):  View help for Collection Mode(s) face-to-face interview; on-site questionnaire
Scales:  View help for Scales Several Likert-type scales were used
Unit(s) of Observation:  View help for Unit(s) of Observation Individual shops
Geographic Unit:  View help for Geographic Unit Neighborhood

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