Challenges in the distribution of antimicrobial medications in community dispensaries in Accra, Ghana
Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s) Jemima A Frimpong, New York University Abu Dhabi; Hannah Camille Greene, New York University Abu Dhabi; Kinga Makovi, New York University Abu Dhabi
Version: View help for Version V2
Name | File Type | Size | Last Modified |
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Data - Accra Medicine Shops AMR - 2021.xlsx | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet | 286.9 KB | 03/26/2024 04:11:AM |
Qualtrics Survey Accra 2021.pdf | application/pdf | 496.6 KB | 06/29/2023 01:52:AM |
Project Citation:
Frimpong, Jemima A, Greene, Hannah Camille, and Makovi, Kinga. Challenges in the distribution of antimicrobial medications in community dispensaries in Accra, Ghana. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2024-03-26. https://doi.org/10.3886/E192062V2
Project Description
Summary:
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This data was originally collected as part of a senior undergraduate thesis conducted in Accra, Ghana, in Fall 2021. Fieldwork was conducted in 80 medicine shops throughout Accra, using an in-depth survey questionnaire administered verbally. After obtaining informed consent and distributing study details, survey questions were read aloud to participants and results were transcribed by researchers. The questions focused on the distribution of antimicrobial medications, in an effort to elucidate patterns in community-level distribution and predict the risk of emerging antimicrobial resistance.
Community distribution of medications in low- and middle-income countries has been shown to accelerate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The distribution of medications is often carried out by private vendors operating under constrained conditions. Yet patterns in medicine distribution, and their consequences, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to illuminate the challenges reported by employees of chemical shops and pharmacies throughout Accra. This study sought to 1) assess obstacles and challenges faced by medicine vendors during their sales of antibiotic and antimalarial medications, and 2) identify opportunities for improving community-level stewardship of antimicrobials.
Community distribution of medications in low- and middle-income countries has been shown to accelerate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The distribution of medications is often carried out by private vendors operating under constrained conditions. Yet patterns in medicine distribution, and their consequences, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to illuminate the challenges reported by employees of chemical shops and pharmacies throughout Accra. This study sought to 1) assess obstacles and challenges faced by medicine vendors during their sales of antibiotic and antimalarial medications, and 2) identify opportunities for improving community-level stewardship of antimicrobials.
Funding Sources:
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Effective Altruism Infrastructure Fund (a3r6g000001Tac2AAC)
Scope of Project
Subject Terms:
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public health;
antibiotics;
antimicrobial resistance;
community pharmacy;
Ghana
Geographic Coverage:
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Accra, Ghana
Time Period(s):
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11/16/2021 – 12/31/2021 (Fall 2021)
Collection Date(s):
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11/16/2021 – 12/25/2021 (Fall 2021)
Universe:
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Shopkeepers in pharmacies and chemical shops in Accra, Ghana, who distribute antibiotics and/or antimalarial medications
Data Type(s):
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survey data
Collection Notes:
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Survey questionnaires were administered in person in medicine-distributing shops, with questions read aloud and then responses transcribed by researchers
Methodology
Response Rate:
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93%
Sampling:
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We first stratified neighborhoods known by local reputation for having residents of low/medium/high socioeconomic status, and then selected multiple neighborhoods within each tier. All regions of the city of Accra were considered eligible, but convenience sampling yielded neighborhoods more centrally located. We sought to include a variety of neighborhoods spanning the economic diversity of the city, and ultimately 17 different neighborhoods within Accra were included.
Data Source:
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In-person survey questionnaires with one employee from each participating shop
Collection Mode(s):
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face-to-face interview;
on-site questionnaire
Scales:
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Several Likert-type scales were used
Unit(s) of Observation:
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Individual shops
Geographic Unit:
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Neighborhood
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