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Challenges in the distribution of antimicrobial medications in community dispensaries in Accra, Ghana

Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s) Jemima A Frimpong, New York University Abu Dhabi; Hannah Camille Greene, New York University Abu Dhabi; Kinga Makovi, New York University Abu Dhabi

Version: View help for Version V1

Version Title: View help for Version Title Demographics removed

Name	File Type	Size	Last Modified
Data_Fall_2021_Accra_Medicine_Shops.xlsx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	302.7 KB	06/29/2023 01:39:AM
Qualtrics Survey Accra 2021.pdf	application/pdf	496.6 KB	06/29/2023 01:52:AM

Project Citation:

Frimpong, Jemima A, Greene, Hannah Camille, and Makovi, Kinga. Challenges in the distribution of antimicrobial medications in community dispensaries in Accra, Ghana. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2023-06-29. https://doi.org/10.3886/E192062V1

Project Description

Summary: This data was originally collected as part of a senior undergraduate thesis conducted in Accra, Ghana, in Fall 2021. Fieldwork was conducted in 80 medicine shops throughout Accra, using an in-depth survey questionnaire administered verbally. After obtaining informed consent and distributing study details, survey questions were read aloud to participants and results were transcribed by researchers. The questions focused on the distribution of antimicrobial medications, in an effort to elucidate patterns in community-level distribution and predict the risk of emerging antimicrobial resistance.
Community distribution of medications in low- and middle-income countries has been shown to accelerate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The distribution of medications is often carried out by private vendors operating under constrained conditions. Yet patterns in medicine distribution, and their consequences, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to illuminate the challenges reported by employees of chemical shops and pharmacies throughout Accra. This study sought to 1) assess obstacles and challenges faced by medicine vendors during their sales of antibiotic and antimalarial medications, and 2) identify opportunities for improving community-level stewardship of antimicrobials.

Funding Sources: Effective Altruism Infrastructure Fund (a3r6g000001Tac2AAC)

Scope of Project

Subject Terms: public health; antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; community pharmacy; Ghana

Geographic Coverage: Accra, Ghana

Time Period(s): 11/16/2021 – 12/31/2021 (Fall 2021)

Collection Date(s): 11/16/2021 – 12/25/2021 (Fall 2021)

Universe: Shopkeepers in pharmacies and chemical shops in Accra, Ghana, who distribute antibiotics and/or antimalarial medications

Data Type(s): survey data

Collection Notes: Survey questionnaires were administered in person in medicine-distributing shops, with questions read aloud and then responses transcribed by researchers

Methodology

Response Rate: 94%

Sampling: We first stratified neighborhoods known by local reputation for having residents of low/medium/high socioeconomic status, and then selected multiple neighborhoods within each tier. All regions of the city of Accra were considered eligible, but convenience sampling yielded neighborhoods more centrally located. We sought to include a variety of neighborhoods spanning the economic diversity of the city, and ultimately 17 different neighborhoods within Accra were included.

Data Source: In-person survey questionnaires with one employee from each participating shop

Collection Mode(s): face-to-face interview; on-site questionnaire

Scales: Several Likert-type scales were used

Unit(s) of Observation: Individual shops

Geographic Unit: Neighborhood

Related Publications

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Published Versions

V2 [2024-03-26]

V1 [2023-06-29]

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